Predictive Policing

• Garbage In, Gospel Out: How Data-Driven Policing Technologies Entrench Historic Racism and 'Tech-Wash' Bias in the Criminal Legal System (2021)
  Wendy Lee, Jumana Musa, Michael Pinard

• Dirty Data, Bad Predictions: How Civil Rights Violations Impact Police Data, Predictive Policing Systems, and Justice (2019)
  Rashida Richardson, Jason Schultz, Kate Crawford
   
• Gang Takedowns in the De Blasio Era: The Dangers of Precision Policing (2019)
  The Policing & Social Justice Project
   
• Before the Bullet Hits the Body – Dismantling Predictive Policing in Los Angeles (2018)
  Stop LAPD Spying Coalition
   
• Artificial Intelligence and Policing: Hints in the Carpenter Decision (2018)
  Elizabeth Joh
   
• Big Data Surveillance: The Case of Policing (2017)
  ​Sarah Brayne
   
• Tracked and Targeted: Early Findings on Chicago’s Gang Database (2017)
  The Policing in Chicago Research Group
   
• Stuck in a Pattern: Early Evidence on "Predictive Policing" and Civil Rights (2016)
  Upturn
   
• Predictions put into practice: A quasi-experimental evaluation of Chicago’s predictive policing pilot (2016)
  Jessica Saunders, Priscillia Hunt, John S. Hollywood
   
• To Predict and Serve? (2016)
  Human Rights Data Analysis Group
   
• Predictive Policing: The Role of Crime Forecasting in Law Enforcement Operations (2013)
  Walter L. Perry, Brian McInnis, Carter C. Price, Susan Smith, John S. Hollywood
   
• Predictive Policing and Reasonable Suspicion (2012)
  Andrew Ferguson
   
• Fighting Crime in the Information Age: The Promise of Predictive Policing (2009)
  Sean Malinowski, William Bratton, John Morgan

ARCHIVE

• Covid-19 Proves It's Time to Abolish 'Predictive' Policing Algorithms
  Hannah Sassaman
   
• To Surveil and Predict: A Human Rights Analysis of Algorithmic Policing in Canada
  Kate Robertson, Cynthia Khoo, and Yolanda Song
   
• Predictive Policing Algorithms Are Racist. They Need to Be Dismantled
  Will Douglas Heaven
   
• Predictive Policing Explained
  Tim Lau
   
• Police Surveillance in Chicago
  Lucy Parsons Labs
   
• Chicago Police Announce New Gang Database as Leaders Hope to Answer Questions of Accuracy and Fairness
  Annie Sweeney and John Byrne

• Do Algorithms Have a Place in Policing?
  Eva Moravec
   
• Big Data Prosecution and Brady
  Andrew Ferguson
   
• Privacy Asymmetries: Access to Data in the Criminal Justice System
  Rebecca Wexler

• The Consequences of Automating and Deskilling the Police
  Elizabeth Joh

• Group That Sued LAPD Over Controversial Data Policing Programs Claims Victory.
  Emma Morgan
   
•  “'We’ve Got One in the Sweep:' Three Bronx friends recount their 2012 arrests in the NYPD’s ‘Operation Crew Cut,’ along with their experiences with the court system and incarceration, and reflect on their lives seven years later."
  Olivia Heffernan
    
• Chicago Cops Use Social Media to Track Grieving Families of Gunshot Victims
  Elizabeth King
   
• LAPD Pioneered Predicting Crime with Data. Many Police Don’t Think It Works
  Mark Puente
   
• Academics Confirm Major Predictive Policing Algorithm is Fundamentally Flawed
  Caroline Haskins
   

• Disparate Impact in Big Data Policing
  Andrew D. Selbst
   
• Litigating Algorithms: Challenging Goverment Use of Algorithmic Decision Systems
  AI Now Institute
   
• A Penalized Likelihood Method for Balancing Accuracy and Fairness in Predictive Policing
  George Mohler, Rajeev Raje, P Jeffrey Brantingham, Jeremy Carter, Matthew Valasik
   
• The Exclusionary Rule in the Age of Blue Data
  Andrew Ferguson
   
• Convicted Gang Leader Can Challenge NOPD's Use of Crime-Fighting Software
  Matt Sledge
   
• The Logic of Data Bias and Its Impact on Place-Based Predictive Policing
  P Jeffrey Brantingham
   
• Palantir has Secretly Been Using New Orleans to Test its Predictive Policing Technology
  Ali Winston
   
• Does Predictive Policing Lead to Biased Arrests? Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
  P Jeffrey Brantingham, Matthew Valasik, George Mohler
   

• Life, Liberty, and Trade Secrets: Intellectual Property in the Criminal Justice System
  Rebecca Wexler
   
• Policing Predictive Policing
  Andrew Ferguson
   
• How Peter Thiel's Secretive Data Company Pushed Into Policing
  Mark Harris
   
• The Contradictions of Chicago Police’s Secretive List
  Yana Kunichoff and Patrick Sier

• Danger Ahead: Risk Assessment and the Future of Bail Reform
  John Logan Koepke and David G. Robinson
   

​​
 

• Predictive Prosecution
  Andrew Ferguson
   
• Policing the Future
  Maurice Chammah
   
• L.A. Activists Want to Bring Surveillance Conversation Down to Earth
  Jenna McLaughlin
   
• A Police Department's Secret Formula for Judging Danger
  Conor Friedersdorf
   
• Predictions Put into Practice: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of Chicago’s Predictive Policing Pilot
  Jessica Saunders, Priscillia Hunt, and John S. Hollywood
   

• The New Surveillance Discretion: Automated Suspicion, Big Data, and Policing
  Elizabeth Joh
   
• Big Data and Predictive Reasonable Suspicion
  Andrew Ferguson
  
   

Need help with a predictive policing case?

The Center is available to provide consultations and litigation resources as well as direct assistance in support of a defendant’s Fourth Amendment claims. Specifically, the Center may assist in motion practice, preparation for suppression hearings, appellate strategy, brief writing, and oral argument. The Center also provides group trainings for defense lawyers around the country and upon request.

To request assistance or additional information, contact 4AC@nacdl.org.